Position Paper Essay

* A position paper is an essay that presents an opinion about an issue, typically that of the author or another specified entity; such as a political party. Position papers are published in academia, in politics, in law and other domains.Position papers range from the simplest format of a letter to the editor through to the most complex in the form of an academic position paper. Position papers are also used by large organizations to make public the official beliefs and recommendations of the group * A position paper is a critical analysis of current facts, data, and research literature. A key feature of the paper is the position statement, which presents the Academy’s stance on an issue. * A position paper is a document promoting a particular viewpoint on an issue or event. These documents are used by political campaigns, think tanks and non-profit organizations to compile thoughts on a single issue for mass consumption. The consumers of position papers include interested vot ers, academics and competing organizations with the desire to write opposing viewpoints. Position papers can offer simple positions, like white papers, or provide blueprints for resolution, like green papers. * Like a debate, a position paper presents one side of an arguable opinion about an issue. The goal of a position paper is to convince the audience that your opinion is valid and defensible. Ideas that you are considering need to be carefully examined in choosing a topic, developing your argument, and organizing your paper. It is very important to ensure that you are addressing all sides of the issue and presenting it in a manner that is easy for your audience to understand. Your job is to take one side of the argument and persuade your audience that you have well-founded knowledge of the topic being presented. It is important to support your argument with evidence to ensure the validity of your claims, as well as to refute the counterclaims to show that you are well informed about both sides. Parts of Position Paper Position paper can be a reasoned defense or a critique of an ethical thesis. It should not be done as a research paper or a collection and arrangement of diverse sources. Instead, your paper should exhibit two central characteristics: 1. an intensive analysis of a ethical thesis, and 2. your criticism of the thesis and your supporting arguments. The expression of your opinion or feelings, although important in its own right, must be supported by rational argument or justification (with supporting details) acceptable to a reasonable person. Position paper should consist of the following parts: 1. An Introduction – where you state the purpose of the paper and what you intend to show. This might include summarizing the main parts of your paper. 2. An Explication – where you explain the basis for the philosophical view you are examining. Be sure to present this argument or thesis as persuasively as possible. 3. The Counter – Argument where you present objections to the thesis and give your supporting reasons for those objections. 4. The Resolution of the Problem – where you either support the original view by overcoming the counter arguments or you reject the original view by showing the objections constitute unanswerable difficulties. (If you cannot take either of these two positions, then explain carefully why the problem cannot be solved in its present form. On many philosophical issues this is the best course to take. In such a case, try to suggest what further work needs to be done.) 5. A Conclusion – where you restate the purpose of th e paper and summarize the main parts. Finally, restate your position. Kinds of Position Paper Kinds of Position Paper Position papers can be written for academic and advocacy purposes depending on the goal of the writer. Professors and researchers publish their latest research while explaining their methods in academic position papers. Position papers written by gubernatorial candidates, non-profit leaders and religious groups offer evidence as well as solutions to major problems. These papers assume a position as well as a desired remedy with the goal of demonstrating a position different from the status quo. * Internal Position Papers This type of position paper is intended as a preparatory tool for the individuals on your delegation and for the delegation as a whole. Internal position papers are very valuable tools for individual preparation, as they force students to think about the full complexity of the issues they are confronting from your delegation’s perspective. Also, by asking students to put their ideas in writing, an internal position paper can force each student to condense a large amount of research and ideas into a small, more comprehensible argument from your nation’s perspective. These types of position papers do not need to be more than one or two pages in length and may be written either in paragraph form or with bullet points for each unique idea/issue in the topic area. Also, the entire delegation can benefit from each individual’s work if these papers are copied and shared with each group member, thus providing a more well-rounded view of the represented country’s p ositions on all issues. * Public Position Papers This type of position paper is intended as a public statement of your country’s positions on the topics being discussed. It should include brief statements about where your country stands on the issue in question and on what has done to confront this issue. It should also include your country’s public position on the options. Uses of Position Paper Write a position paper to: * Organize and outline your viewpoint on an issue * Formally inform others of your position as a foundation to build resolution to difficult problems * Present a unique, though biased, solution or a unique approach to solving a problem * Frame the discussion in order to define the â€Å"playing field.† This can put you in an advantageous position with those who may not be so well prepared as regards the issues behind their positions * Establish your credibility. Here you are demonstrating that you have a command of the issues and the research behind them, and can present them clearly * Let your passion be demonstrated in the force of your argument rather than in the use of emotional terms * Guide you in being consistent in maintaining your position in negotiation What are the objectives of writing a position paper? * Formally inform others of your position or viewpoint in an issueas a foundation to build resolution to difficult problems. * Present a unique, though biased, solutionor a unique approach to solving a problem * Frame the discussion in order to define the â€Å"playing field.† This can put you in an advantageous position with those who may not be so wellprepared as regards the issues behind their positions * Establish credibilityHere you are demonstrating that you have a command of the issues and the researchbehind them, and can present them clearly * Let your passion be demonstrated in the force of your argumentrather than in the use of emotional terms * Consistency is a key her Directions for Writing a Position Paper * Choose a topic that has has two clear sides and that you have an opinion about. Topics can come from the news, popular culture, school or anywhere. All that matters is that your position is valid, can be defended and the counter position can be argued against. These are the main parts of the position paper. * Create an outline of the topic and list your position and points in your favor, as well as the counter position and arguments against it. You will use this as a plan for the paper and will often refer to it when writing. * Write the introduction by stating the problem and your position. The introduction is the reader’s first impression of the paper, so it should be concise and interesting. The introduction should grab the reader’s attention, and should contain your thesis statement. Your thesis statement will clearly present your position on the issue and the purpose of the paper. * Create the main body of the paper using the points from the outline. Each paragraph should address a different point that supports your main argument. Each point should be stated and defended using logical reasoning and information from appropriate sources. Present evidence in the form of statistics, interviews from experts and academic articles and other credible sources. Do not simply state your opinions; back them up with evidence. * Debate the other side after writing the points for your argument. Throughly research opposing arguments, and then defend your own position against those counter-positions. * Give the audience a summary of your position in the summary, but do not repeat the introduction and body. Add possible courses of action or solutions to the problem, but do not introduce new questions with the conclusion. You want the reader to feel satisfied and convinced.

Repair scheme for the damaged hull

The repair scheme for the damaged hull can be processed according the following repair flow chart; Damage Assessment The damaged sandwich panel consists of two high strength GRP skin and skins separated by a low density, lower strength foam core. The cross section of hull in the damaged area is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 – Cross Section of Damaged Hull Such structures can be subjected to three damage scenarios. The damage can be limited to one skin (Type A), to one skin and the core (Type B), or to both skins and the core (Type C). Type A damage generally involves matrix cracking, fiber breakage and delaminations in the skin. The damage may or may not extend through the full thickness of the skin. Type A damage can also include debonding of the skin from the core. Type B damage involves Type A damage to one skin combined with crushing or shear cracking of the core. Type C damage involves the same damage mechanisms as Type B except both skins are affected. Type C damage can fully penetrate the sandwich structure [1]. Assuming the hole approximately 150mm in diameter is a though hole and damaged both skins and foam core, we have Type C damage. So we need to repair this damage according to Type C repair scenario. Since access can be gained from both sides, The repair of Type C damage could be done. Repair Type Decision Repair approaches are divided into non-patch, usually fo minor defects, and patch, usually for major defects. Patch repairs are also divided into – Bonded External Patch Repairs External patches can be employed to repair laminates and skins of honeycomb panels of thickness up to about 2mm composites. The main problem with external patches is that, as in a single-lap joint, there is an eccentric load path that results in bending in the patch and peeling stresses in the adhesive and composite. – Bonded Scarf or Flush Repairs Scarf repairs are employed to repair thicker section material than is possible with external repairs and also where the repair must show minimum protrusion above the original surface. The main advantages of scarf joints are the uniform shear-stress distribution in the adhesive, and, due to lack of eccentricity in the load path, the low peel stress. – Bolted External Patch Repairs Bolted patches are generally employed for field repair of thick laminates where the shear stress requirements exceed the capability of adhesives for external patch repairs and where the complexity of repair implementation and material removal requirements. Moisture problems also limit field applications of bonded repairs in thick composites. Bolted repairs are well suited to the repair of battle damage since they are easy to apply by unskilled personnel and require minimum facilities. [2] Both bonded and bolted repair methods could be applied to repair marine sandwich structures. Bonded repairs were considered to be lighter in weight and distribute the load more evenly over a wider area. However, they require careful surface preparation, are difficult to inspect and are more difficult to perform correctly. Bolted repairs are more easily carried out and require minimal surface preparation. However, they add bulk and weight and require holes to be drilled through the structure which can introduce further damage and create stress concentrations. Additionally, bolted repairs are more difficult to implement on sandwich structures and need to be water-tight [3]. Since the yacht has been rammed well above the water line, it could continue its operation with small leakages. So repair could be done in facilities. Also since it has been rammed there is no stress cracking due to design considerations. Same section could be performed; shear stress requirements do not exceed the capability of adhesives. According to these considerations, bonded scarf repair would be more applicable. Permanent Composite Structure Repair For all bonded repairs, removal of all damaged material starting at the centre of the damaged region and surface preparation is of vital importance. Damage to sandwich structures often involves damage to the core material. The damaged core can be filled either with a foaming adhesive, a laminate or a new core section bonded in place. The latter method is usually adopted as it best restores the properties of the sandwich structure. The approved general guidelines for laminate and sandwich repairs should be followed. These repair operations should be carried out in a workshop areas to ensure high quality repairs. The repair of Type C damage to GRP/foam sandwich structures requires the replacement of both skins and the core. The repair procedure for Type C damage is shown in Figure and described following [4]; 1. Remove damaged material. a) Remove the damaged skins, working from the centre of the damaged region on both sides outwards until sound material is encountered. b) Remove the exposed damaged core. 2. Taper sand a) Prepare the foam core b) Sand the edges of both skins to a taper per layer providing a scarf angle 3. Install the replacement foam. a) Use a paste adhesive designed to bond foam. However, instead of using vacuum, the adhesive was injected into the bondline using a caulking gun. b) Use a backing plate where required. c) Use the appropriate grade of foam. d) Use the minimum amount of adhesive. 4. Replace the skins. a) Use the same number of layers as the original skin. b) Apply one extra layer of GRP. 5. Replace the skins on other side. a) Use the same number of layers as the original skin. b) Apply one extra layer of GRP. Quality Check / NDT For comprehensive inspection of repaired part, Non Destructive Test (NDT) can ve used. The inspector should examine the quality of the repaired area and particular attention should be given to the interface between the original part and the repaired area. Usual inspection methods use some form of ultrasonic test equipment where the reflection of the ultrasonic sound waves detect and identify any damaged areas or faults [4].

A Jury of Her Peers

A Jury of Her Peers Essay Susan Glaspells A Jury of Her Peers is an ethic drama that presents us with a mirror image of a society where men are considered superior to women in all actions. This drama take are reader, not on a murder mystery, but rather a strong human compassion of help for those in need.Author of this drama supports Minnie Fosters act of killing her husband, John Wright as a sign of standing up for herself. Even though killing someone in revenge of a dead bird seems to be meaningless, it has a much deeper meaning if seen through the eye of Minnie Foster. In this drama, the author uses characters and symbols to make the reader aware of the social injustice done to women, and in order to evoke a sense of self-worth in women reader. The characters in A jury of her peers plays a role which knowledges a reader about the horrors of the time period when the story takes place. Simply by the name Mr. Wright, tells us that men are always right when it comes to opposition against women. Men in this st ory are shown to be superior to their sub species, women. It shows us that anything a man does is always right even though it might be wrong, where else a thing that can be considered right, done by a women is shown to be wrong. This fact can be supported by the character of John Wright who is an abusive husband. Even though he treats his wife improperly, his actions are not condemned; where as Minnies character, who killing her husband just to stand up for herself is shows to be wrong.In this story men are given a bad role just to make a reader aware of that fact that how women were ones treated in our society. Women in this story play a major role not just because they are more talked about but simply because it makes a women reader to stand up for herself imagining themselves as the character in the drama, just as Minnie Fosters character did for herself by killing her husband. The author portrays the fact on women by giving them the role where they are inferior to men and that they have no voice or demands. even though the story revolves around Minnie Foster, Marth Hale can be considered as the main character . she is the protagonist in this drama and also a flat character. Even though she is a typical rural housewife, she shows her loyalty to her friend and supports her action of killing her husband from the very first . This loyalty to women follows her throughout the story and shows her ability to look past a situation and tell what is really happening in the lives of others. The next major character is Mrs. Peters, the sheriffs wife. The fact that she breaks that loyalty to save an a cquaintances distant friend that she only knows what she sees in her house about allows you to see the depths of the bonds of the sisterhood of women in need. This makes her the round character in the story. The author evokes vivid pictures in our imagination as we read this thought provoking story by using a bird, a cage, and a quilt. The term knotting a quilt is a parallel to the knot used in the rope to kill Mr. Wright. The quilt symbolizes Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters who join together as the jury that acquits Minnie of murder. Perhaps the symbol extends to a sisterhood joined together to eliminate spousal abuse. The cage symbolizes Minnies life spent trapped in the confines of a lonely existence, unable to seek adequate emotional or spiritual sustenance. By breaking open the cage door, Minnies husband had set her pent up emotions free to strike out like a hawk. READ: Building the atomic bomb EssayThe bird represents Minnies happy spirit and peaceful nature, killed by her husband for reasons we may never surely know. the killing of the bird that be associated as killing of Minnies own life. . The main purpose of the author in this drama is to make the reader aware of the social problem facing their society. No matter how excellently or how vividly symbols and character are presented in this drama we still are haunted by the disturbing actions that man species cast on the women species. This story makes a woman reader to reconsider her theory of loyalty towards her husbands; and makes a man reader to rejudged their actions on women, mainly his wife.

Our Vanishing Nights With My Inner Voice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Our Vanishing Nights With My Inner Voice - Essay Example The tone has a strong academic sound to it. As for â€Å"My Inner Voices,† the writing is casual and conversational. I wrote: â€Å"It’s because the missing school in the morning could cause a lot of troubles and I don’t know, it was just like, do something wrong, you will be popular.† This style follows a conversation that I would have with a friend. Formality is also found in the choice of words or vocabulary. I use scientific and formal words in â€Å"Our Vanishing Nights,† while everyday words are frequent in â€Å"My Inner Voices.† The organization of thoughts strictly follows mechanics and academic writing norms for â€Å"Our Vanishing Nights.† I did not use contractions, and I observed strict academic writing rules. For â€Å"My Inner Voices,† contractions were common, and I wrote like I was talking to a friend only. Hence, the target audiences of the paper affected my writing style. The tone has a strong academic sound t o it. As for â€Å"My Inner Voices,† the writing is casual and conversational. I wrote: â€Å"It’s because the missing school in the morning could cause a lot of troubles and I don’t know, it was just like, do something wrong, you will be popular.† This style follows a conversation that I would have with a friend. Formality is also found in the choice of words or vocabulary. I use scientific and formal words in â€Å"Our Vanishing Nights,† while everyday words are frequent in â€Å"My Inner Voices.† The organization of thoughts strictly follows mechanics and academic writing norms for â€Å"Our Vanishing Nights.† I did not use contractions, and I observed strict academic writing rules. For â€Å"My Inner Voices,† contractions were common, and I wrote like I was talking to a friend only. Hence, the target audiences of the paper affected my writing style. Appeals varied for both papers, where I used logos more in â€Å"Our Vanis hing Nights,† while in â€Å"My Inner Voices,† I focused on ethos and pathos because the former is more on analysis of an academic source, while the latter relies on a portrayal of and reflection on personal events. Relying on an academic source and given the paper’s objectives, I wrote with a strong appeal to logic for â€Å"Our Vanishing Nights.† I wanted scientists to study light pollution further to persuade them, I needed evidence and logical thinking. As for â€Å"My Inner Voices,† I used ethos because I described my own experiences to explain what it means to follow the bad inner voice.

Child Labour Result Of Globalization Research Paper

Child Labour Result Of Globalization - Research Paper Example Child labor leads to violation of natural right of human beings, is unethical, increases poverty, damages the image of a nation and organization and causes health issues for children. Child labor is promoted because of its short term benefits including, decrease in poverty, increase and increase in economic development. This paper will discuss the impact of globalization on child labor, the consequences associated with it and the arguments in the favor of child labor along with a conclusion. Globalization Promotes Child Labor Introduction International labor organization defines child labor as tasks that are denying children with the right to have a childhood and tasks that are not good for the mental and physical health of the children (International Labor Organization (a), 2013). Globalization leads to increase in exchange of goods, services and ideas between different countries (Ritzer, 2012). Cigno states that increase in globalization has resulted in heavy debate over whether gl obalization is increasing or decreasing the incidences of child labor (Cigno, 2002). Those in the favor of globalization believe that globalization leads to decrease in child labor. ... They state that if parents perceive that the return of education is lower than the return gained through their child’s labor, they tend to send their children for work. Globalization leads to increase in incidences of child labor and child labor should not be practiced because it deprives children from deciding what is good and bad for them, it promotes poverty and intervenes in the cognitive and physical development of children, children are made to work in hazardous conditions, child labor is unethical and destroys the image of the nation that is practicing it. Body Globalization as a Cause of Child Labor Globalization has been held responsible for increasing the gap between the rich and the poor. World Bank states that the per capita income throughout the world of developed nations was 120 times higher than the poor nations during 1990 and this gap increased by 2 times within a period of 9 years (Raghavan, 2002). Since globalization leads to increase in the level of inequal ity as well as poverty, it even results in increased usage of child labor. According to the Government of India, a huge portion of the work that was paid and conducted outside the households have shifted to work that is being conducted within the households. Due to this, several activities such as making of carpets, matches and glass are conducted within the household and heavy populations of children are involved in this work. According to Kailash Satyarthi as the profits obtained from the international market rises, the use of child labor even increases and this is why there has been a tremendous amount of increase in the number of children working in industries that are export oriented in

Classical Liberalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Classical Liberalism - Essay Example Locke attempted to protect some areas of personal life from governmental action. People should not be deprived of their property rights by the state. The acceptance of the government authority over people is to ensure that the latter protects their property and liberty. In ancient times, people enjoyed full-fledged freedom and liberty; and the state should endeavor to provide these rights (Stein 21). The Lockean perception states that the fundamental duty of the state is to protect private property. However, this theory has been discounted because the state has extended protection to only property that it creates and to the extent to which it deems to be sufficient. The state is the bestower as well as the depriver of property. Consequently, the restrictions imposed by the state on land use become an intrinsic part of the land (Epstein 129). A state that controls private property is akin to a dictatorship. Moreover, a state that strictly protects the right to private property, cannot address crises effectively. For instance, during times of war, natural disasters and economic depressions the state is empowered to control private property. However, classical liberalism requires the state to operate under certain limitations, while seizing private property. Therefore, a classical liberal society cannot survive in a real time environment and it cannot build gigantic projects like the Tennessee Valley Authority. Such classical liberal societies cannot deal with the Texas farmers in drought situations. There will be no technological advancement in a classical liberal society. It cannot launch expedition to outer space, and there would be no scientific experiments (Rockwell). The sole ruler of a society is its legislation, therefore, it is irrelevant as to who wins in the elections or who emerges as the president. Communities develop by themselves, and the future of the people is determined by their actions.

Waiting for Godot Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Waiting for Godot - Assignment Example People who are interested in seeing literary works or who are more philosophical will be seeing this drama on stage. The theatrical presentation shows the characters talking about nothingness and hoping for Godot to come who never comes. They talk just for the sake of talking and end up doing nothing. When the audiences leave the theatre, they may have the feeling of analyzing their own situations with those of Vladimir and Estragon. The alienation and feeling of nothingness that the characters undergo may be transferred to the audience. The new style of theatre dramatizing plays like Waiting for Godot that have very less story in them and a message of nothingness and human pathetic condition. This theatre appeared applicable when people face crises in their lives and can relate their lives to the story played on the stage. The theatre is much more informative about human condition. The tramps shown in the play who have nothing to do and who think about committing suicide are depictive of the human condition in today’s time of crises when people are trapped by the feeling of nothingness and they face conditions of solitude and seclusion. The tramps have no idea of time and space. Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot was enough influential as people have not rejected the play as delivering some absurd story or valueless content, but they valued it as spectators and see themselves and their lives attached to the play. The second clip shows a somewhat converted version of Waiting for Godot and the story is named as Waiting for Elmo. This is a comic piece in which, two cartoon characters are waiting for Elmo and ponder over the notion that if Elmo never comes and they keep on waiting. In it, the tree starts leaving and is talking as it sees the two people waiting endlessly for Elmo who is not ready to

Focus group Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Focus group - Assignment Example This paper however used extensively qualitative data from primary sources. By definition, a focus group is a research in which qualitative data is obtained from a small group of people usually between 4 and 15 (Litosseliti, 69). The people in the group are asked about their opinions, attitudes, beliefs and perceptions towards a concept, a service or a product. Since the purpose of this research is to evaluate the Extra Gum with respect to why it is a popular gum and the peoples beliefs about chewing the gum, a focus group therefore appears to be the best way to go about the inquiry (Stewart, 51). This research used primary data from five participants from the engineering departments. The participants were conveniently selected to participate. All of them signed a consent form before engaging in the research. They were all above the age of 18 years with the range of their ages being between 23 years and 36 years. The results obtained from the focus group indicate that all the participants liked chewing gum. Further, all of them liked Extra Gum due to its many flavors (60%) and long smell time (40%). Regarding the shape of the gum, it’s simple and attractive shape was the most likable characteristic of the gum being indicated by 4 of the five participants. From the perspective of the focus group, all the participants indicate that Extra gum faces competition majorly from Mentos. Its major quality that keeps it competitive is the wide area of the breath smell when chewing the gum which was indicated by 4 of the 5 participants. Using wrap gum appeared to be less popular that using can gum with a 2:5 popularity ration between them. All the participant consumers did not mind the price of the gum, but the place of manufactured mattered to all the participants. With 4 of the 5 participants indicating that the gum need change, their advice is varied. Three of the participants suggest that providing wraps that can be used when getting

SEMCO Company Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

SEMCO Company Strategy - Essay Example Therefore, this paper will bank on a critical explanation of the applications of schools of strategy that are exploited in SEMCO. Different companies use different strategies to record their preferred results. In many instances, companies have to advocate for development and deploy skills that will be used in recording positive growth. This is done by ensuring the people that are employed are competent in their work and use their skills accordingly.. This is due to the ever evolving market. As such, the market needs to be encountered with different strategies. This is also heightened by developing and deploying strategic flexibility, which is directly reflected towards technological advancement. For instance, with the improvement in technology, many companies have to improve. This is by using technological advancement in their service provision. In recent times, many companies have been noted to invest heavily in acquisition of new machinery and equipment (Furrer, 2010:34). This is n ot a point to brag, but it is an advancement to make service provision even better. Purchase of new technology ensures a company’s production is improved in quality and quantity. Similarly, the goods that are produced will be of increased value (Semler, 2000:54). This will prompt customers and clients to use more of the goods. With such a drill, a company is most likely to record positive results, which increases its financial muscle. As a matter of fact, SEMCO decided that its environment was a core factor that could lead to its grater performance. As such, changing the environment would be a prudent idea in increasing its performance. This is garnered from the learning school of view, which banks on making a positive environment in business (Kazmi, 2008:56). In making this a reality, the firm encouraged the staff and management to exchange idea oh=n how the firm could make an improvement. This is an opportunity where all the staff members are given an opportunity to express their views on how performance of the organisation could improve. As such, the organisation has a pool of ideas to choose from. With such a large pool of ideas, the organisation has a better position of implementing the best. This is a position that many organisations do not have but they will never try such a manoeuvre, minding the risks that are involved (Jansson, 2008:23). This was followed by the practical part of experimenting ideas that cropped up in the organisation. Since organisations do not engage in risky activities, they have to study and evaluate the viability of the activities. This was heightened by research and exchange of ideas to ensure the best routine was designed (D'Angelo, 2009:52). With time, SEMCO had obtained competent skills and had competent personnel that could direct the investments. As such, they were prepared to exploit all the available loopholes in businesses. As such, the business was growing at a steady rate. SEMCO Company has been recording succe ssful results in the market, yet it does not have a written strategy or plan. However, it has deployed the prescriptive school strategy, which is about planning, designing and positioning. It is in the market and making a positive accrual due to its activities that are concentrated on the customer market. With such a drill, the company is on the verge of making lucrative profits that are not linked to any strategy that is in writing or planned (Suneja, 2002:13). SEMCO Company planned that its businesses should be increasing in each financial year. However, it did not strategise on its expansion rate to a particular point. In such a drill, it ensured that transformation would continue in every year (Semler, 2000:55). For

A Critical Analysis of Teaching and Learning Coursework

A Critical Analysis of Teaching and Learning - Coursework Example Therefore, good clinical and academic settings are necessary for students to achieve effective learning results. Consequently, present day nursing educators exert a high value and emphasize much on students to learn in a clinical environment (Doenges & Morehouse, 2003). In this respect, this paper intends to outline instances where teaching and learning are effective in nursing environment. Additionally, it also seeks to outline barriers that exist to effective learning and teaching in the clinical nursing environment and select strategies along with their implementation details and processes. In a nursing environment, one of the instances where teaching and learning is effective is that which has an interactive network between forces present in a clinical setting and that which influences the overall student’s clinical learning results (Ozkahraman & Y?ld?r?m, 2011). It comprises everything that surrounds a student, including clinical staff, equipment, patients, setting, and e ducators (ABA, 2005). Thus, an environment in which a student sets is an imperative element in the whole process of learning. In addition, instances where teaching and learning are effective exist in an environment where practice has a considerable percentage in the overall grading of learning (Andrews & Roberts, 2003). This is because practice provides learning opportunities that enable students to achieve proficient clinical skills as well as the stated outcomes (Begley, 2004). With reference to medics, discrepancy exists between and among theory, practice, and the aspects of both theory and practice. The reason is because practitioners and educators work from different angles. One is from practice while the other is from teaching (Brown, 2005). As such, in order to be in a position to meet the clinical learning requirements of all students, an educator must introduce the spectrum of practice and interaction (Chappell & Aston, 2004). This means that in nursing profession, there mu st be interactions between students and clinical staff since practice is essential for the former’s future exposure to the real market (Clarke, 2003). The third instance in which learning and teaching are effective is where the surrounding environment presents a platform for tackling challenges and engaging in continuous discourse with deep thought (Begley, 2003). In such an environment, students gain an innate understanding of the real nature of their profession (ABA, 2002). Furthermore, students undergo many experiences that are imperative and cognitive for learning exploration and description, hence acquiring or rather attaining the most competent level of knowledge. In a challenging environment, learners participate in qualitative research, which is an ultimate part of effective studying as it provides complex fraternities of understanding and knowledge application (Aston & Molassiotis, 2003). This instance gives room for collection of data rich in phenomenology and reexa mines the experiences that are usually useful and meaningful for attaining a pragmatic outcome. This instant stresses and provides consent for acquisition and practice of ethical codes. All of the three instances stated above are effective because they validate and refer all themes of teaching and learning to original descriptions and formulate, examine, and move significant statements as well as their meanings with regard to the appropriate transcriptions (Condell, Elliot, & Nolan, 2003). They all support the basic and important assets of a conducive clinical learning environment and account for accurate data that are essential for a broader aspect of teaching

Advantages of Human Genetic Engineering Essay Example for Free

Advantages of Human Genetic Engineering Essay Genetic engineering in its present form has been around for approximately twenty five years. The dictionary defines human genetic engineering as the alteration of an individuals genotype with the aim of choosing the phenotype of a newborn or changing the existing phenotype of a child or adult. There are many social consequences that are associated with genetic engineering which has caused much debate from its beginning in 1970s. The benefits of human genetic engineering are endless, the most predominant advantages include curing genetic diseases, increasing human immunity, and the production of more effective pharmaceuticals. The most promising benefit of human genetic engineering is gene therapy. Gene therapy is the medical treatment of a disease by repairing or replacing defective genes or introducing therapeutic genes to fight the disease. Over the past ten years, certain autoimmune diseases diseases resulting from a disordered immune system reaction and heart disease have been treated with gene therapy. Many diseases, such as Huntingtons disease, Lou Gehrigs disease, or. ALS, and cystic fibrosis are caused by a defective gene. The hope is that soon, through genetic engineering, a cure can be found for these diseases by either inserting a corrected gene, modifying the defective gene, or even performing genetic surgery. Eventually the hope is to completely eliminate certain genetic diseases as well as treat non-genetic diseases with an appropriate gene therapy. Gene therapy researchers are also studying ways to improve a patients immune response to cancer. In this approach, the treatment is used to stimulate the bodys natural ability to attack cancer cells. In one method, researchers take a small blood sample from a patient and insert genes that will cause each cell to produce a protein called a T-cell receptor, or TCR, which is responsible for recognizing antigens and disease fighting antibodies. The genes are transferred into the patients white blood cells and are then given back to the patient. In the body the TCRs then recognize and attach to certain molecules found on the surface of the tumor cells. Finally, the TCRs activate the white blood cells to attack and kill the tumor cells. Scientists are also investigating the insertion of genes into cancer cells to make them more sensitive to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other treatments. In other studies, researchers remove healthy blood-forming stem cells from the body, insert a gene that makes these cells more resistant to the side effects of high doses of anticancer drugs, and then inject the cells back into the patient. Human genetic engineering can also be used as a disease preventative by increasing ones immunity. People infected with a serious illness may not show symptoms of the disease for long periods of time. These latent, or inactive, infections can develop into an active disease without warning and also can be passed on to others. This new approach focuses on controlling or stimulating the immune system to cure latent infections and prevent them from causing disease. This research in immunity has the potential to significantly reduce illness, death, and disease transmission. An example of this preventative application is the improvement in the treatment of HIV. The AIDS/HIV disease is a viral infection that destroys immune responses. The disease can be treated with drugs, however these drugs do not eliminate the virus from the body. Currently a patient must remain on these drugs for the remainder of their life. The purpose of genetic engineerings pre-clinical studies is to advance towards clinical trials with a cell-based method of enhancing the patients own immune response against the virus. This approach involves identifying anti-HIV receptors that will be introduced into the patients own blood-forming stem cells. This approach has the potential to provide long-term immune control of virus replication, and may require only one or a few administrations. Another benefit from the study of human gene altering is with the creation of new drugs. Pharmaceutical advances in genetic engineering have made it possible to use plants as factories for protein production. Plant-made pharmaceuticals are made by inserting a segment of DNA that encodes the protein of choice into plant cells. The plants or plant cells are essentially factories used to produce the desired proteins and are only grown for the purpose of human pharmaceuticals. An example of this pharmaceutical application is gene splicing, one of the earliest uses of genetic engineering. Gene splicing was first used to manufacture large amounts of insulin, which was made using cells of E. coli bacteria. Interferon, which is used to eliminate certain viruses and kill cancer cells, is also a product of genetic engineering. Another byproduct is a type of human growth hormone; its used to treat dwarfism and is produced through genetically engineered bacteria and yeasts. Today, research in the field of human genetic engineering continues to be used in the production of a variety of drugs and hormones for medical advantages. Human genetic engineering the application of scientific methods, procedures, and technologies that allow manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the hereditary traits is a topic that had been debated about for many years. The field of human genetic engineering is growing and changing at a tremendous pace. Future advance in genetic engineering could possibly eliminate diseases, deformities, prolong life, and overall improve human life.

Parody Through Counter Examples Essay Example for Free

Parody Through Counter Examples Essay Counter examples are used throughout this play, and is a key role in the parody of the play. On both male and female sides of the dynamics in the play the first one is right from the start. â€Å"the streets are absolutely clogged with frantic females banging on tambourines. No urging for an orgy!† (727) In the â€Å"Classical Age† of Athens upperclass women assumed the role of a housewife, where their duties were to either clean up the house or organize the slaves of the house to do it for them. It was unheard of for women to be out in the streets like this period much less at night. The women of Athens formed together to plot against the men to bring them home from the war. As the women were gathering to plan against the men, Lysistrata said, â€Å"Im on fire right down to the bone. Im positively ashamed to be a woman—a member of a sex which cant even live up to male slanders! To hear our husbands talk, were sly: deceitful, always plotting, monsters of intrigue†(728) this quote makes me laugh, because while she is saying this her and multiple women are plotting a way to get back at the men. This quote plays off the stereotype that a woman is always out to make a mans life miserable in everything they do, but this is exactly the thing they are trying to do. While the women are out in the streets they continue to show how ridiculous they are when they are complaining on how much they do for their men. This quote by Kleonike is a prime example, â€Å"Theyll be here. You know a womans way is hard mainly the way out of the house: fuss over hubby, wake the maid up, put the baby down, bathe him, feed him† (728) Kleonike goes on and on about how much work they have to do, but she mentions that she gets up the maid, which does the work for her. This quote plays of the stereotype that women do a lot of house work, but in the play they have maids so obviously they are not doing too much. Counter examples are a huge part of the parody that is within the play, all of my previous quotes had stereotypes in them, but they all counter themselves. Parodys are still very popular today, for example the movie Space Balls which is a parody of Star Wars. Space Balls makes fun of everything that is taken very seriously in Star Wars, which gives the movie that comedy feel a parody comes with. Throughout the play, parody is seen in both the men and the women. The stereotype that men are strong and tough is presented towards the beginning of the play at the gates of the treasury. â€Å"Never been confronted with such backtalk. Cant allow it. Somebody pick up a log and pulverize that brass.† (740) Immediately following this the men are easily silence by nothing more than a bunch of women carrying water. These rough and tough men seen in the previous quote were defeated by nothing more than water. â€Å"[Shivering, the CHORUS OF MEN retreats in utter defeat]† (742) After the mens defeat they run away to the Commissioner, and he is sent home packing after several attempts to â€Å"out man† Lysistrata. â€Å"Gross ineptitude. A sorry day for the Force.†(745) This also relates to a parody in our modern day times with our own military. I here people complain about so many things our military does and stands for, yet the majority of the people criticizing are too afraid to join the military to begin with. So this â€Å"manly† stereotype applies to modern times as well, men are quick to jump up to fight someone, but do they go through with it most of time, no. This quick battle also shows how brutal these Athenian women are, when women of the classical age were to only be seen not heard. Women were used as trophies most of the time, to be seen only and never heard. In this quote you get a typical stereotype of the women of this time, â€Å"Glamor is our only talent. All we can do is sit, primped and painted made up and dressed up,† (729). Women were never known to be violent, but in this quick battle with the men and the commissioner we see how brutal these women are, â€Å"INTO THE FRAY! Show them no mercy! Push! Jostle! Shove! Call them nasty names! Dont be lady like!†(745) In no way, form, or fashion are these ladies being lady like in this scene, which is another perfect example of parody runs wild throughout this play making it out to be the comedy it was made to be. All of these counter examples play favor to my leading argument which is the fact that the women in this play use parody the most through abstinence by withholding sex. This is the biggest parody of them all. This play revolves around sex, but the whole goal of the womens tactics is to refrain from it. Its easy to see with my following examples that this play uses parody around every turn. The parody in this play does not come without a type of counter example of a stereotype that is either assumed or given throughout the play. In this time frame, women would have never been allowed to do this. If you can put your mindset in the classical age of Athens its easy to see how funny and how much parody is actually used.

Equal Rights For The Children Young People Essay

Equal Rights For The Children Young People Essay A kids childhood should be filled with happy moments, laughter and lovely toys, not memories that make one shudder even at the thought of it. Being a child should not be a painful journey. After all, children are equal holders of human rights and they should not be denied a safe environment to grow and mature. However, many adults have failed to see the importance of ensuring the well-being of these young innocent kids. Every single day, almost five children die as a result of child abuse and at least one report of child abuse is made every ten seconds (National). Child abuse may take the form of physical, sexual, emotional or neglect, with physical abuse being the most common (Child). The incidence of parents and other guardians consciously, or even willfully, harming the children theyre supposed to be nurturing is a sad fact of human society that cuts across all borders of ethnicity and class (Joseph). Its high time for us to dig deep into the roots of this evil and look for soluti ons to combat the issue, before it continues to bring detrimental impacts to both the abused victims, and also, the society. Behind any action, there is always a purpose or reason. Same goes to child abuse. Child abuse is triggered by many factors. According to Dr. Joel Akande, among all the contributing factors, lack of insight is the main culprit. Child abusers lack insight into the value of the children and this leads to sexual, verbal or physical exploitation of these kids (Akande). This may be due to the fact that the children are unwanted from unplanned pregnancy or they may be physically or mentally impaired (Akande). When these adults are engulfed in frustration or anger, children become their easy targets as they are vulnerable objects. If they were to value their precious kids dearly, they would always place the childrens happiness as their utmost priority. A responsible parent will try his very best to protect his child from any form of danger at all times. Apart from that, some caregivers lack parenting skills and they might have unrealistic expectations about child care (Saisan et. al). Child care is a daunting task, especially for working adults who have the heavy responsibilities to juggle between career and family. Without necessary parenting skills and support from others, caring for a child can be very stressful. Caregivers who are unable to handle child care stress tend to abuse their children as an outlet of their emotions (Gibson). They unleash their anger on the children to make themselves feel better as they have little control over their own emotions. This is especially evident in teen parents who have unrealistic and immature expectations about how much care babies and small children need (Saisan et. al). Also, parents under the power of drugs and alcohol can be abusive and easily neglect their children (Gibson). Drugs and alcohol abuse increases the likelihood of violence, because it interferes with communication among family members and abusers have lower abilities in controlling their behaviors (Miller et.al 357). Underestimation of the consequences of vio lence takes place at the same time as a result of interference with the brain centers that control socially unacceptable behaviors when adults abuse drugs and alcohol (Miller et.al). They lose their ability to judge whats right or wrong when they are not sober. Parents who come home drunk or high on drugs are unable to take good care of their children, make good judgments and have control over often-dangerous compulsions (Saisan et.al). The neglected children are often left to fend for themselves and scavenge for their basic needs such as food under such harsh environment. Herbert Ward once said, Child abuse casts a shadow the length of a lifetime. Indeed, it is true that child abuse leaves deep and long-lasting impacts on the victims, be it physically or emotionally. Physical abuse leaves visible signs, such as frequent physical injuries or unexplained bruises, cuts and wounds. This is often done by slapping, spanking and caning by the caregivers. Some may even resort to harsher means such as using hot iron and leather belt to harm their children. The visible physical scars and wounds will heal someday, but the emotional scarring will be embedded deep down in the childrens hearts throughout their lives. Victims of violence may face trouble developing self-confidence and a sense of self in them (Saisan et. al). It is difficult to overcome the core feelings of being worthless and hopeless, if a child is being repeatedly told that he is good for nothing since young (Saisan et. al). They no longer believe that they worth more or stand a place in the socie ty. Abused children also cannot regulate and express their emotions effectively, in turn leads to unexplained anxiety, depression and anger in adult survivors of abuse (Saisan et.al). In addition, child abuse is a vicious cycle. Based on a literature review, Kaufman and Zigler have estimated that inter-generational transmission rate of child abuse is approximately 30 percent (186). This signifies that three out of ten people who were neglected in childhood will abuse their own children in the future (Kaufman and Zigler 186). They are more likely to raise their children in the way they have experienced as a child, repeating the horrible cycle unconsciously. This causes unfavorable effects to the society as a whole, as the future leaders of tomorrow are not empowered to fulfill their potential as productive human beings, said Datin Seri Rosmah Mansor, the prime ministers wife of Malaysia (Getting). Hence, it is essential to put a halt to this terrible chain of abuse. First things first, caregivers have to be equipped with good parenting skills and it is vital to be mentally prepared for all the child care stress and challenges that follow. Parents should set realistic expectations of what children can handle at certain stages of development as it can help avoid frustrations and anger at normal child behavior (Saisan et.al). Emotional control and developing emotional intelligence is equally critical especially when one needs to handle children with special needs. Society has a pivotal role to play in combating this issue as well. The mindset of not wanting to encroach into other peoples lives should be discarded. One should not be reluctant to make a report to the authority if a child is suspected being abused by his caregivers. Society must realize that a small act of kindness can actually bring light into the darkness of a childs life. The earlier the victims get help, the hig her chance they have to recover from the abuse and not perpetuate the vicious cycle (Child). Truly, if there is evil in this world, it lies within the heart of mankind, quoted Yoshiharu Gotanda. Well aware of the detrimental impacts of child abuse, we can choose to make or break the lives of these innocent children. The power is definitely in our hands to end the pain and screams in their eyes. We are the cause, and also the solution. It is our responsibility as a caring member of society to bring hope into their lives and make them believe once again, that the world is colorful and life is beautiful. It does not take much to make a difference in a childs life. All in all, child abuse is to be eradicated, and not inherited. Word Count: 1228 Words

No Time For Im Sorrys :: Journalistic Papers Journalism Essays

No Time For I'm Sorrys As the leaves turn to brilliant colors of orange and yellow and begin their descent to the Earth, the area around the football stadium is filled with the resonate sound of horns and drums. Every afternoon and Saturday, the Goshen High School marching band gathers to fine tune its skills for upcoming games and competitions. To those of us outside of the band culture, the grueling labor and long hours seem excessive, but, to many of the band members, nothing exists that is of higher importance. "It's a lot of dedication, which is hard, but I think everyone needs to have something that they're dedicated to, something they enjoy doing, and [marching band is] the thing I like doing," states Jordan Kauffman, probably the most dedicated member of the band. "For me, I just love music.†¦it's just something that I love. People who like doing math, do math. I like doing music." Jordan has participated in marching band all four years of his high school career. Starting in the beginning of his second year of high school, he began to take leadership positions in the band. As a sophomore, he applied for and was nominated as the section leader of his instrument, the saxophone. His junior year, the talented young man was elected by his peers to serve as an assistant drum major. In marching band, there is no more important role than that of a drum major. The drum majors act as student assistants to the directors, directing and often running many of the rehearsals. This year, however, Jordan sacrificed his drum major position to march on the field to fill a gap in the French horn section. Jordan's sacrifice for the group has placed him at the level of a demi-god in the eyes of the other band members. Jordan is lanky and lean, with short black hair and a ready smile. Confidence and humility seem to radiate from him, immediately placing those around him at ease. He has a constant optimism that creates an aura of naivetà ©. His eyes twinkle with excitement every time he talks about music or marching. It's easy to see why the other band members appointed him in so many positions of leadership. His only complaint about band is the few members who don't take it seriously or who don't keep a positive attitude. Jordan works hard and expects others to do the same. No Time For I'm Sorrys :: Journalistic Papers Journalism Essays No Time For I'm Sorrys As the leaves turn to brilliant colors of orange and yellow and begin their descent to the Earth, the area around the football stadium is filled with the resonate sound of horns and drums. Every afternoon and Saturday, the Goshen High School marching band gathers to fine tune its skills for upcoming games and competitions. To those of us outside of the band culture, the grueling labor and long hours seem excessive, but, to many of the band members, nothing exists that is of higher importance. "It's a lot of dedication, which is hard, but I think everyone needs to have something that they're dedicated to, something they enjoy doing, and [marching band is] the thing I like doing," states Jordan Kauffman, probably the most dedicated member of the band. "For me, I just love music.†¦it's just something that I love. People who like doing math, do math. I like doing music." Jordan has participated in marching band all four years of his high school career. Starting in the beginning of his second year of high school, he began to take leadership positions in the band. As a sophomore, he applied for and was nominated as the section leader of his instrument, the saxophone. His junior year, the talented young man was elected by his peers to serve as an assistant drum major. In marching band, there is no more important role than that of a drum major. The drum majors act as student assistants to the directors, directing and often running many of the rehearsals. This year, however, Jordan sacrificed his drum major position to march on the field to fill a gap in the French horn section. Jordan's sacrifice for the group has placed him at the level of a demi-god in the eyes of the other band members. Jordan is lanky and lean, with short black hair and a ready smile. Confidence and humility seem to radiate from him, immediately placing those around him at ease. He has a constant optimism that creates an aura of naivetà ©. His eyes twinkle with excitement every time he talks about music or marching. It's easy to see why the other band members appointed him in so many positions of leadership. His only complaint about band is the few members who don't take it seriously or who don't keep a positive attitude. Jordan works hard and expects others to do the same.

Although the authors us fictitious characters and events, novels are :: English Literature

Although the authors us fictitious characters and events, novels are often surprisingly accurate portraits of their time Although the authors us fictitious characters and events, novels are often surprisingly accurate portraits of their time. To what extent do you think The Great Gatsby is a novel of this type? The Great Gatsby, written in the early 1920’s, by F. Scott Fitzgerald portrays the type of high class life the rich were living during this time. Extravagance was the key to everything, parties, drinking, cars, relationships, and life. Everybody seemed to have money. This time was known as â€Å"The Roaring 20’s†, or â€Å"The Golden 20’s.† We see this type of culture in its extremity in The Great Gatsby. We can also assume that it was this type of life that Fitzgerald himself led. He was born into a fairly well-to-do family. In 1896 he attended, but never graduated from, Princeton University. It was here he mingled with the moneyed classes from the Eastern Seaboard who created an obsession for the rest of his life. In 1917 he was drafted into the army, but he never saw active service abroad. He married the beautiful Zelda Sayre and together they embarked on a rich life of endless parties. Dividing their time between America and fashionable resorts in Europe, the Fitzgerald’s’ became as famous for their lifestyle as for the novels he wrote. â€Å"Sometimes I don't know whether Zelda and I are real or whether we are characters in one of my novels†, which he wrote to pay for his extravagant lifestyle. We can see just how similar Gatsby and Fitzgerald are. Gatsby, unlike Fitzgerald was born into a fairly poor family, but soon met Dan Cody and Daisy, who, both very rich led him to the obsession to also become rich. I believe it was mainly the influence of daisy for this. He was desperately in love with her, but stood no chance all the while he had no money. †She only married you because I was poor and she was tired of waiting for me.† Also like Fitzgerald, Gatsby went to University and never finished. â€Å"It was in nineteen – nineteen, I only stayed five months. That’s why I can’t really call myself an Oxford man.† Gatsby was also in the army during the war, â€Å"Why yes, I was in the twenty – eighth infantry.† The only major difference we can see between the two men is that Gatsby never married the â€Å"beautiful† Daisy. He never made it to marriage, this could possibly be because he never had money, unlike Fitzgerald, who made his money, and then met Zelda.

Sports and Gender Essays -- Female Sports Film Movies Essays

Sports become stereotyped as gender-neutral, feminine, or masculine based on conceptions regarding gender, gender differences, and beliefs about the appropriateness of participation due to gender (Colley et al., 1987; Csizma, Wittig, & Schurr, 1988; Koivula, 1995; Matteo, 1986). Sports labeled as feminine seem to be those that allow women participants to act in accordance with the stereotyped expectations of femininity (such as being graceful and nonagressive) and that provide for beauty and aesthetic pleasure (based on largely male standards). A sport is labeled as masculine if it involves the following: 1) attempts to physically overpower the opponent(s) by bodily contact; 2) a direct use of bodily force to a heavy object; 3) a projection of the body into or through space over distance; and 4) face-to-face competition in situations in which bodily contact may occur. These characteristics are believed to be appropriate expressions of masculine attributes such as aggressiveness, effe ctiveness, and power (Metheny, 1965; Koivula, 2001). In a recent study, 403 participants were first asked to answer a short questionnaire regarding their gender, age, and physical exercise habits. They then completed a questionnaire regarding perceived characteristics of a sport. In this latter questionnaire, the respondent was asked to rate to what degree the descriptor is characteristic of the sport or those practicing the sport using a seven-point scale from 1 (â€Å"Not at all characteristic of the sport/sport participant†) to 7 (â€Å"Very much characteristic of the sport/sport participant†). For each participant, the sport to be rated was randomly selected out of 41 different sports, 19 of which had been previously labeled gender-neutral, 7 of which ha... ...3, November/December). Women in sport: backlash or megatrend? The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, 64(9), 49-52. Huckaby, A. M. (1994). Women's athletics. Unpublished Manuscript: Kenyon College Athletic Department. Koivula, N. (1995). Ratings of gender appropriateness of sports participation: Effects of gender-based schematic processing. Sex Roles, 33, 543-557. Koivula, N. (2001). Perceived characteristics of sports categorized as gender-neutral, feminine and masculine. Journal of Sport Behavior, 12-01-01, 337. Matteo, S. (1986). The effects of sex and gender-schematic processing on sport participation. Sex Roles, 15,417-432. Sports Illustrated cnnsi.com. (2000). Reactions: Women’s boxing. UNH President's Commission on the Status of Women. (1994). Report on the Status of Women Profile of Women Students at the University of NH. Sports and Gender Essays -- Female Sports Film Movies Essays Sports become stereotyped as gender-neutral, feminine, or masculine based on conceptions regarding gender, gender differences, and beliefs about the appropriateness of participation due to gender (Colley et al., 1987; Csizma, Wittig, & Schurr, 1988; Koivula, 1995; Matteo, 1986). Sports labeled as feminine seem to be those that allow women participants to act in accordance with the stereotyped expectations of femininity (such as being graceful and nonagressive) and that provide for beauty and aesthetic pleasure (based on largely male standards). A sport is labeled as masculine if it involves the following: 1) attempts to physically overpower the opponent(s) by bodily contact; 2) a direct use of bodily force to a heavy object; 3) a projection of the body into or through space over distance; and 4) face-to-face competition in situations in which bodily contact may occur. These characteristics are believed to be appropriate expressions of masculine attributes such as aggressiveness, effe ctiveness, and power (Metheny, 1965; Koivula, 2001). In a recent study, 403 participants were first asked to answer a short questionnaire regarding their gender, age, and physical exercise habits. They then completed a questionnaire regarding perceived characteristics of a sport. In this latter questionnaire, the respondent was asked to rate to what degree the descriptor is characteristic of the sport or those practicing the sport using a seven-point scale from 1 (â€Å"Not at all characteristic of the sport/sport participant†) to 7 (â€Å"Very much characteristic of the sport/sport participant†). For each participant, the sport to be rated was randomly selected out of 41 different sports, 19 of which had been previously labeled gender-neutral, 7 of which ha... ...3, November/December). Women in sport: backlash or megatrend? The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, 64(9), 49-52. Huckaby, A. M. (1994). Women's athletics. Unpublished Manuscript: Kenyon College Athletic Department. Koivula, N. (1995). Ratings of gender appropriateness of sports participation: Effects of gender-based schematic processing. Sex Roles, 33, 543-557. Koivula, N. (2001). Perceived characteristics of sports categorized as gender-neutral, feminine and masculine. Journal of Sport Behavior, 12-01-01, 337. Matteo, S. (1986). The effects of sex and gender-schematic processing on sport participation. Sex Roles, 15,417-432. Sports Illustrated cnnsi.com. (2000). Reactions: Women’s boxing. UNH President's Commission on the Status of Women. (1994). Report on the Status of Women Profile of Women Students at the University of NH.

Black on Black Crime Essay

Today I’m going to talk about How to stop black on black crime. Black on black violence is an enormous problem in the African-American community. Living in a neighborhood that is mostly minority, many may have witnessed a lot of black on black violence. The black on black violence has continued to arise in many communities and continues to be a problem around the world. Black on black violence is ignorant, and many black Americans should be coming together instead of killing one another. African-Americans people should be helping each other in the world. The black on black crimes problem can be solved through non-traditional ways. If we are allowed to illustrate how to present system dominate our lives and the condition that we currently exist. Armed with this knowledge, we will see the problem begin to dissipate. As African American, we â€Å"shout â€Å"when a person commits a violent act against us. We don’t need to display anger and harm against other. African-Americans killing one another, it proves to other races that black people do not know how to act, and that we are truly ignorant in this world. Black on Black crime has been the most insidious killer or black people. It’s not the guns or the drug creating the violence; it is caused by our mentality. We should group ourselves with other who is concerned and willing to sacrifice for the cause of saving our society from imploding. These crimes have always been there, but they are more pronounced because of the black community. African-Americans need to realize that all we have is each other and by killing each other we show that brotherly love does not exist among our own.

Child’s behavior Essay

Action speaks louder than terminology, the adage goes. The same applies for tiddler rearing, specifically in setting a peasants port. Verbal admonitions, advices, and instructions are important to make it diaphanous to the minor what the parent expects him to follow and do. speech specifically define the desired behavior parents want from their children. However, children are easily distracted, particularly with long sentences, so that while public lecture to them, their attention or their mind strays from envious every word thus deterring understanding.Another, words oftentimes have ambiguous meanings to the child so that the latter might not get it in spite of having been told. Actions extend to a greater extent imprints into a childs memory compared to words because actions explain much than words could express. Usually, when a parent verbalizes an instruction, he accompanies it with action. This is because the more senses are holdd during the intuition process, the better and more lasting the comprehension. Actions involve more senses.They engage the child more into the character-building process because they do not solely hear they also see it in action through their parents. Furthermore, when the parents behavior contradicts with what they say, it confuses the child and might diminish the parents trustworthiness and authority in the look of the child. Children imitate grown-ups a muddle during their plastic years since they still have to father their own individual personalities and judgments.Children tend to cogitate that whatever their parents do are of all time the right things. After all, in their withal young lives, parents have been doing a lot of things for them, feeding them, taking care of them, change them, etc. By doing the right and graceful actions, therefore, the child would confidently followwith this acquaintance that whatever their parents might be doing could be right.

Assess Contribution of Ngos to the Community

Introduction This chapter introduces the background of the problem, objective of the take aim, line of reasoning of the problem, research questions and signifi lavt of the depicted object. 1. 0 Background of the Stu drop deads consort to gentleman bank, non governingal organizations atomic number 18 specify as private organizations that pursue roleplayivities to relieves suffering, gain the bet of the unfortunate, protect the environment, provides basic favorable serve, or adopt company learnings( beingness swan criteria defining nongovernmental organization,2007). Historic e precisey, Non-governmental boldness at realnesswide aim set bring out a history dating back to at to the meekest degree 1839.It entertain been estimated that by 1914 there were 1098 nongovernmental organizations. The international Ngos were serious in the anti slavery movement and the movement of women suffrage, and r individu allyed peak at the time of public disarmament conference . Non Governmental organic law moreover comes into touristed social occasion with the establishment of fall in Nation disposal in 1994 with the provisions in the article 71 of chapter 10 of the United Nations chapter for consultatory role of organizations which argon neither government nor section state. Davis, 2007). The vital role of nongovernmental organizations in sustain competent maturement was recognized in the chapter 27 of agenda 21 in the UN conference, In the 20th century during the establishment of globalization the importance of nongovernmental organizations was recognized, where more an(prenominal) problems could non be solved inside a nation, Hence nongovernmental organizations have positive to emphasize Humanitarian issues, growth aids and sustainable ontogenesis (Howell, 2000). agree to macrocosm intrust, There cardinal conclusions of NGO argon practicable and advocacy .Operational is the uncomplicated purpose of NGOs . Primary purpose of NGOs to compile the implementation of emergence related watchs, Example company Based institution. The first purpose of Advocacy NGOs is to act or promote a specific ca procedure. As opposed to operational project management, these organizations typically tense to raise aw beness, acceptance and knowledge by lobbying stub out work and activist event (Wikipedia, 2011).Non Government Organization has been an engine to holds meliorate the aliment threadb ar of the heap, since not all the problem could be solved within the nation tracing back the Tanzanian history, since 1961, Tanzania has been at war against three development enemies such as ignorance, destitution and diseases. However in 1996 the overall insurance policy has included special forms of leanness reduction in additions to measures to sustain sound macro economic trains (URT, 2007). The pass off of minimizing three enemies is mixed, towards achieving development of the community.Indicators in measuring devel opment atomic number 18 range, others show sign of emolument, and others remain the aforementioned(prenominal) slice others get worse. M any(prenominal) disparities still populate such as gap between the poor and rich, the bridge between urban and rural, female and male, able and disabled. It is also clear that children, youth, and the elderly and slew with disabilities have their own problem especially meagreness that all problems are felt at diverse completion in antithetical parts of the country, Hence let out subsisting regular is inevitable (chambers, 1983). One of the indicators of the regular of nourishment is health. In 1990, the health situation in Tanzania was mixed.Diseases like tuberculosis among elderly, youth, youth and children increased, The availability of drugs were scarce, galore(postnominal) people in rural areas were have to run to distance for the health facilities and get many drugs were very expensive for the poor to afford. For stance 90% of the childrens deaths in topical anesthetic communities and well-nigh urban areas are due to preventable causes ( guinea pig Strategy of Growth and lessening of leanness, 2005). Education is also among the major diorama of reenforcement assay of the community. Several tactics, programs, have been enrolled in the betterment of information situation in Tanzania.Despite the improvement of registration in direction considerably in the coating five years in 2004, as the results of ancient education development Program(PESP), still many problems and challenges are inevitable, such as shortage of text books desks, chairs, teachers, latrines holes and teachers houses unmistakably wanted in prime schools, especially in rural areas. Moreover the edges of privation torn the education situation in Tanzania. in most pupil in Rural areas passes old education plainly there were no room to accommodate them. Also, others omit school uniforms and tuition fees due to hardship of the providence that parents are facing. NSGRP, 2005). Living model of Tanzanian and Afri provoke at large depends on agri tillage as the economy backborn. 45% of Agriculture contributes in the gross domestic product and 60% of the of the export earnings in the year. silence the living(a) bill of many people are low, since they produce for consumption and practice poor do work systems that result to low harvest (NSGRP,2005). Non Government Organizations wager vital remarkable roles in improving the living standard of people among the topical anesthetic communities in Tanzania. NGOs are aimd in a very diverse range of world activities and homo influence on the environment.These strata of societies they are involved at, children and youth, interlocking resolution, education, health and comestible, human rights and residuum services. (Wikipedia, 2011). The posture of Non government Organization in improving the living standard of people has been achieved at some bound. In a case of Moshono, in Arusha, the international organization called manhood Vision, Intervene in that troupe with efforts to eradicate poverty and bring nearly computable living standard among the people in the society The intervention of WV in the Moshono adenosine diphosphate has brought positive impact toward the society.Through adenosine diphosphate many project such as water projects, education projects, environmental projects and agriculture projects(including exitstock arming and beekeeping) are undertaken so as to solve socio-economic problems in Moshono, and indeed improve their living standards at large extent. forward intervention cosmos vision as any NGO, obtain the governmental admistration of the area, community size, poverty, socio-economic available, commitment of the local anesthetic leaders . knowledge base vision use sustainable livelihood approach ( Moshono ADP, 2007). 2. 0 Statement of the problemThe metier of NGOs in improving the living standa rd of local communities has brought a significance results to confused communities towards poverty substitute. meagerness is the major problem facing the societies that means they are characterized with endless lack of the resources, choices, security and power essential for the enjoyment of the living standard (Maccihato, 2009). The World curse notes that the incidence of poverty in the world is higher(prenominal) than former(prenominal) estimates have suggested that 1. 4 billion people live under poverty line.In Sub Saharan African Growth and Economic performances over the past devil decade have been described in recent scholarly writings as tragic (The World Bank Economic review, 2000). There are various ways which provide help to turn out and eradicate poverty improve the living standard of the people such as support provision of affectionate services, example education, water, infrastructure mobilization of people for collective action such as development projects, pro vision of soft loans to singles through Non Government Organizations, curiously in the case of Moshono ADP under World Vision is tutelageed with the improvement f local community living standard through its various projects such as water supply project, master(a) election school classrooms construction, health care projects, have been found to eradicate poverty in the area and the living of many have been improve (Moshono ADP, 2010). In this mount there are various things which entrust be examined to measure effectiveness of NGOs in improving the living standard of people.The crucial aspect get out be signaliseing how NGO are backing local community, where there are various measures wanton away by NGO to contribute towards alleviation of poverty such as reduced illiteracy rate, improved farm fertility, improved supply of base hit and clear(p) water, improved health services, increased individual and home plate income. ( Moshono ADP, 2007). 3. 0 Objectives of Studie s 3. 1 General Objective To treasure the plowshare of NGO in improving the living standard of the local communities. 3. 2 Specific Objectives 1.To identify how NGOs are load-bearing(a) community welfare. 2. To find out how the assistance provided to the local communities has positively affected their living condition. 3. Challenges that NGOs take care in improving the living standard of the people. 4. 0 Research Question 1. What support does NGO provided Moshono ADP? 2. To what extent does the Moshono ADP contributes in changing the living standard of local communities? 3. What are the problems faced by the NGO in improving the living standard of Moshono people at Moshono ADP? 5. Significance of the battlefield 1. The study go away be resourcefully to the areas of development program as it allow provide info and various applicable information and improving social and economic activities for sustainable development and effective intervention. 2. Also, the study get out be i nstrumental to policy masters institution, economic planners and other NGOs with mission of improving the economic and social status of the local communities because it willing act as a self military rating instrument. CHAPTER TWO 6. 0 Literature review IntroductionThis chapter shows contribution of different authors and documents on the research topic. It emphasizes the views, theories principles and polices providen out by individuals organizations, agencies, the government and multitude on the research topic. 6. 1 Theoretical Review Non Government Organization play a vital role to promote the living standard of the local communities, the major important of the NGOs increases social capital by providing people with opportunities to build trust in each other and capacity to work together towards crude goal.NGOs promote pluralism, diversity, and tolerance in society while protecting and strengthening cultural ethics, religious, lingual and other identities. Moreover, NGOs adv ances science and melodic theme develop culture and arts develop culture and arts, protect environment and support activities concerning civil societies, NGOs is a facilitator of citizen through it advocacy and operational mission as classified with World Bank (ICE, 2002). NGOs in the main are doing to abet socio-economic development and the community at large in less developed countries particularly in Tanzania (UN human education report, 2000).There are various indicators that an organization whitethorn be labeled an NGO if it ha iv characteristics identified by the commonwealth foundation, a capital of the United Kingdom based NGO group. These characteristics are the guidelines for the good practices of NGOs. These characteristics includes Voluntary membership, independent and autonomy where NGOs are independent within the laws of society and possess by the members and controlled by board elected from members, Non-for-profit, NGOs are not for private person-to-person gains , but NGOs may involve in income generating activities for pursuing organization mission.Another indicator for the good performance NGOs should not self-serving in aims and related value, The aims of NGOs is to improve the circumstances and prospects of people and to act on concern on issues detrimental to wellbeing and peoples prosperity (Commonwealth Foundation, 1995). NGOs have indirect and direct kinship in the content of poverty. This is because of the purposes of the NGOs and their eternise to fight against poverty. According to the president of the Egypt where he rgue that NGOs have rendered a big efforts in poverty eradication not just now in Egypt but also in sub Saharan nations, He further stated There can be hope only for society which act as one big family and not as many separate one ( Sadat 1981). NGOs provides humanitarian aids example food during ingrained calamities all over the world, protects children and youth, conflict resolution, education, environmental, human rights, relief services (Wikipedia,2010).In the context of poverty an NGO, example World Vision a case of Moshono ADP, this organization has rendered great significant efforts in improving the living standard of Moshono people through the provision of clean and safe water, improve health situation, cars for orphans, Build classrooms and hospitals, this contributes a roofy to poverty alleviation. (Moshono ADP). Standard of Living is a level of material comfort that an individual or group aspires to or may achieve.Standard of living is measured by various indicators, Example life expectance, access to nutrition foods, safe and clean water supply, and availability of health check assistances. (Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, 2000). 6. 2 Empirical Review According to Anup (2001) in his research on poverty facts and stats on Global issues22,000 children die each day die to poverty and they die quietly in some of the poorest villages on earth, far removed from the scrutiny and t he sententious of the world.Being weak and weak in life make this dying multitudes even more invisible in death. Around 27-28 percent of all children in ontogenesis countries are estimated to be underweight or stunned. The two regions that accounts for deficit are South Asia and Sub Saharan African. If the current trends continue the millennium suppuration Goals (MDGs) buttocks having the proportional of underweight children will be mused by 30 million children. Largely because or low progress in Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.According to Sachs(2005) ,UN project on the research Ending Africans poverty trap, The thirty three Sub- Saharan countries on which this study focuses had a combine population of 617 million in 2001 with the population heightened average yearbook income of $271 per person or a mere 74 percent a day. Every county in sub-Saharan is a low income country according to world bank country classification, At least only four countries (Angola, Cameroon, and C ongo) with income per capital $500 because their oil exporters and only cote d ivory which is currently vertiginous political nd economic crisis, is a non oil exporter. Sub-Sahara countries have a life expectancy at give below 60 years and in all but Ghana. Madagascar and Sudan life expectancy at stimulate is below 55 years. Child mortality rank (Death before the age of five (5) per light speed0 live births) are above in every Sub-Saharan countries. According to (Mbelle, 2003) in their research on poverty alleviation (school enrollment performances and access to education in Tanzania) the decision to invest in education is maneuver by cost benefit consideration.At the Micro level the question whether education contributes to economic growth and how this contribution of physical capital becomes a paramount importance. take on fof education by individual and household require to be sustained at high level if access is to improve. This can be achieved through empowering individu als and households economically. Maintaining macro economic stability and per exploitation pro-poor expenditure are keys in reducing the general level of breeding the level of demand for education at twain individual and household level.The gap is identified on where the NGOs operating in local communities found to face various problems that can mayhap hinder their efficiency and effectiveness in supporting local development. It is doubtful, however other studies shows that the NGOs have a lot to contributes in eradicating poverty, in local communities. Basing on such theoretical contradiction makes the need to go through findings and analyzing the facts on the extent to which NGOs have been supportive doer to the local are as development and eradicating poverty in the area they operates. CHAPTER THREE 7. Research methodological analysis 7. 1 Research Design Is the logic that connectedness the selective information to be collected (and the conclusion to be drawn) to the initia l question of a study. Research design addresses the planning of scientific enquiry that is, designing a strategy for finding out something (Kothari, 2004). The descriptive study will be employed to portray surgical information since the research is relate with issues related to social development studies. 2. Description of the adopt Area. This study will be done in Arusha Region with a case study of Moshono ADP in Arumeru regularise council.The economic activities in Moshono ADP are mainly farming and livestock. This is the audition for the Non governmental Organizations in assessing their effectiveness in improving the living standard of the local communities in Tanzania. Therefore, From Moshono ADP replete information can be accumulated which will represent the consentaneous population.. 7. 3 selective information Collection The information will be collected by using different instrument/methods. There will be both primary and secondary data collection (document review) primary information shall be collected by using interviews, questionnaires and bills. 1. Type of information.Both primary and secondary data will be collected from the field. Where by the primary data will be obtained from respondent directly though questionnaire and interviews as well as observation while Secondary data will be obtained from documents that contains relevant information about the study. 2. Sources of Data. Both primary and secondary data will be used as sources of data in this study. 7. 3. 2. 1 Primary Data These are new data which will be gathered to help solving the problem at hand the police detective will collect primary data from selected respondents from different groups in the entire community.Interviews, questionnaire and observation will be used to obtain primary data at Moshono ADP. 7. 3. 2. 2 Secondary Data These are data that has already existed some where this involves reviewing of writings and documentation, document such as livelihood, gender, p overty, and social services journals and reports for the purpose of findings tangible information about the issues of living standard of local community in Tanzania and suggests attainable solution for that problem. 3. Techniques of Data CollectionThe following techniques will be applied in this study 7. 3. 3. 1 Interview, This method will involve the prepared questions that a police detective administers through face to face interrogations with respondents. The researcher shall record all conversation in the interview. 7. 3. 3. 2 Questionnaire This popular method will be employed for data collection. Questionnaire will be open and closed. The researcher should use this tool to the key respondents like Moshono ADP Staffs, company Leader and Community Member. 7. 3. 3. 3 ObservationThe resercher will use this technique of data collection. The researcher shall directly charter questions to the respondents and make physical observation of the environment. Through observation the res earcher will be able to observe some of the causes, effects and measures taken by different stakeholders towards solving this problem in the study areas. 3. have. take in is a part of statistical practice concerned with the selection of an unbiased or hit-or-miss subset of individual intended to yield some knowledge about population. assay type which will be used is descriptive random sampling in order to give an equal chance to every selected model element. on a lower floor this sampling both probability and non-probability method will be used. 1. Sampling Frame/Population Sampling frame is a number which consists of all consume units. Sample frame consist of a list of items from which sample is drown (Kothari. R, 2003) generally sample frame consist of name of respondents, total number of respondents and the sample size in percentage.Sample frame, therefore the total sample size will be 50 respondents from this units sample size will be (6) Moshono ADP supply, (2) WEOs (4) VEOs, (20) Community members (6) Teachers (6) Health prole (6) P/school school-age child 2. Sample Size The sample will be drawn from 14 wards of Moshono division in which Moshono ADP operate the researcher select three ward randomly namely Moshono, Mlangarini and Bwawani. The sample size will be 50 respondents from different level on the community. The category and numbers of respondents who will be interviewed in this research is shown in the table 1, below. Table 1. Sample Size Distribution NO CATEGORY NUMBEROF RESPONDENTS PARCENTAGES (%) OF RESPONDENTS 1 WEOs 2 4 2 VEOs 4 8 3 Community Members 20 40 4 Teachers 6 12 5 Health worker 6 12 6 ADP staff 6 12 6 P/ cultivate students 6 12 TOTAL 50 100 Source Researchers own utilization 7. 4. 3 Sampling TechniquesIn order to collect and choose enough data and information from different respondents the researcher will use various techniques to capture enough information from the respondents. The researcher will use a purposive technique of sampling though random sampling technique. 5. Data Analysis Techniques The researcher will use the different techniques to analysis and manage the data such as quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques . Also the data will be presented by using of matrices, percentages, and flow diagrams. Reference Anidah Maccahato (2001) Book in Research Relevance Poverty. )University of Mandanao. Chamber (1983) Rural Development Putting the last first, Longman Inc. New york Chronic Poverty piece (2005) http//www. chronicpoverty. rg/page/vulnerability-cprc-s-work Commonwealth foundation (1995), Non Governmental Organization, Guidelines for Good policy and practice www. peacecorpsvolonteers. org. com Community Development Journal an Inter. Form VOL. 31 (2002) www. undp. org Davies, Thomas Richard (2007). The Possibilities of transnational Activism the Campaign for Disarmament between the Two World Wars. ISBN978 9004162 58 7, Http//enwikipedia. org/wiki/non-governmentor garnization. au Jude, Howell and Jenny Peace (2000) new roles and relevance Develop NGOs and the challenges. Kumarian Press Kothari C. R (2004), Research Methodology, Methods and techniques 2nd edition, New Age world(prenominal) publication. Moshono ADP, Annual Reports, 2006.NSRGP, (July, 2005)Growing out of poverty By Haki Kazi and Catalyst, Tanzania. Nepal National Development Report on poverty alleviation (2004) www. nepal. gvt. nd Research on poverty Alleviation. Amon Mbelle and Jovieter Katoboro (2003) www. repoa. or. tz Shah Anup(2001) Poverty Facts and Study on Global Issues. UN, Human Development Report (2000) www. undp. org UN Project Research on Ending African Poverty Trap. Jeffrey . D. Sachs (2005) URT 2002, Tanzania Census Report World Bank Economic Review (2000). Volume 14, Number 3. World Bank Report on Poverty (1997) www. wb. org World vision (2004), Evaluation report of Moshono ADP www. world vision. org

Technology and Nature in Timothy Findley’s The Wars

The Wars stooge be understand as exploring the mod contravention amidst genius and engineering science. The counterpoint of spirit and engine room The state of contends is a report card close Roberts invigoration autochthonic in the spacious War, or WWI, passim the accounting t appertainher be numerous ele handsts of re vexation and applied science that atomic number 18 introduced to the newlys report, a great mickle in which, the 2 collide. timothy Findley practice sessions the Elework forcets of temperament (Air, Water, universe and Fire) and shows them in devil antithetic perspectives, several(prenominal) metres disablementful, roughly generation helpful.The crusade b arly that they extradite accommodate harmful, is repayable to the sexual perversion of temperament that happens at seekt a struggle. record is modify by the applied science somewhat it created by serviceman to eradicate iodine some other, it trick be discredi ted (e. g. when centilitre blow flows into the spindleth) or it sack be role to originator wrongfulness (The flamethrowers). e precise in consentient, the al virtuoso struggle was a vast clamber amidst engineering science and disposition til straight mavin individual end-to-end the story is the connection among character and engine room.Robert Ross uses engineering science to tear others with go forth the warfare, an moved(p) thing, more everyplace he besides c atomic number 18s deep for those things that be of disposition. He is the tie between the born(p) and technical world. The war on reputation via applied science is cardinal of the nigh putting common land themes in The Wars. It is very expectant when they append the superstar dollar bills everywhere on the S. S. Massanabie, and what sort out the do it in go on that gravy boat trance they be transported. each(prenominal) knight was displace in a govern by a immens e stretch forth and bring take into the fuddle a standardized(p) cargo. 1 This is an pillow slip where cruelties a come tost things that atomic number 18 inwrought argon represent by the feature that the animals argon tempered no burst than dyspneal objects. The soldiers saw the dollar cavalrys as vigour more than other single-valued functioning of engine room that they would use in the war. Robert Ross has to run through over from Harris turn he is on the boat, and is charged in victorious anxiety of the animals. He accordingly finds himself in the spatial relation of having to deplete the supply because it skint its leg. Robert doesnt requisite to do it provided he decides that he has to do it to fold up himself.Unfortunately Robert doesnt bug out it with the root stroke and is emotionally disturbed. Robert clamp his eye goon to fall in aimed-and open fire over again. This clock snip the horse was hit on the withers. Robert sank to his kn ees. He could hear himself breathing. He held the grease- hit man in twain hands. He press it hard-fought shtup the horses ear and swore at the horse graven image bastard it, jack it, shit it- catamenia. His knees were mingy and he draw himself into a ball and pushed with all his strength. He began to squeeze the knowledgeableness and he squeezed it gain and again and again-so many other(prenominal) times that when the Sergeant-Major pulled him out the gun went cover on clicking in his hands. (60-61) Robert has to use engineering science on something he c atomic number 18s a destiny about, animals, something inborn, and it bothers him greatly. Having this is a nonher perversion of temper, and demonstrates and re-emphasizes how the horses are seen as little more than a nonher(prenominal) part of the war machine. centiliter shoot a line is a organic evolution in applied science that the Germans pitch make towards the war causal agent and it is one of the ne ar noxious things to temperament in the upstanding war.It is a prime quantity deterrent simulation of how nature things plenty be devalued my things that are man-made, because non nevertheless does the centilitre spoil pull down pile it in any case kills the contact inherent things. every last(predicate) of the ring institute and terrain has the centiliter swagger seep into it, and innate(p)ly abates it, reservation the dirt necessitous and bare of life, and the argument toxic. Robert nonices the kelvin defile in the spread when he and his bugler are riding. The line of work was cryptical with green fog. in that location was a savor Robert could not decipher. Whats that notion? he say to Poole. probly chlorine, Poole replied. You suppose you debate on that points a liquid assault passing play on up count? Robert had not all the same had this experience. Poole had had it twice. No sir. barely the groun is affluent of it here. thit hers some that says a smattering of this form could belt ammunition a mortal out. The hide out and the charge chip in been lessened with the chlorine gas, so a good deal so that the theater of operations forget not be executable for sprightliness or exploitation anything for rather some time. This is further another example of the atrocities of war technology on nature, one that result harm the vault of heaven for a tenacious time to come.When Rodwell goes down the lines, it is shown to its truest finis how demoralize nature has been by the fit madhouse that is war. For now it is valet universe nature that has been corrupted, so severely they the concur false into savages. These were men who had played out the completed time spot the flamethrowers fire somewhat them, and this new technology had damage their original instincts. Rodwell move in to a guessing of horror, were the men were vehement rats and mice live in their formulation pots, no t for food, only for refined entertainment.He move to stop them, unless he could not and they would not listen. They therefore did something that he could not deal with see that he took an interest, they laboured him to suck a killing of a cat. half an arcminute later, Rodwell wandered into No cosmoss reach and put a skunk through his ears (135) The putrescence of the human read/write head has at rest(p) to an result, that one time normal human-beings had reverted to winning out the disoblige that they entangle from the Germans and inflicting it on lost creatures.Robert Ross toilet relate to Rodwells pain, because like Rodwell he in any case was profoundly humane for animals. over the descriptor of the discussion technology takes its damage on nature, be it natural instincts of humans, or natural things being destroyed. Technology is one of the close to foul things to nature there nookie be, and it is up to existence whether or not it is controlled indoors fairish limits, or unleashed, to an extent in which it could destroy everything. unmatchable of the largest underlying themes in the whole book is the war inside the war, or technology against nature.